Question 1: What is action-oriented approach for Software Design?
In the case of action-oriented approach, data is decomposed according to functionality requirements. That is, decomposition revolves around function. In the OO approach, decomposition of a problem revolves around data. Action-oriented paradigm focuses only on the functionality of a system and typically ignores the data until it is required. Object- oriented paradigm focuses both on the functionality and the data at the same time. The basic difference between these two is decentralized control mechanism versus centralized control mechanism respectively. Decentralization gives OO the ability to handle essential complexity better than action-oriented approach.(Page 80)