ECO403 - Macroeconomics Solved Past Papers

VU ECO403 - All Subjective Solved Past Papers 2023 - Macroeconomics

Question 1: Can you use an assignment operator to assign the value of one C-string to another?

Answer: Suggest Edit

Yes we can assign the one value of C-string to another using assignment operator. We can assign the value of one string to another string through this method.

A[0]=B[0]
A[1]=B[2]
A[3]=B[3]

And we can assign the whole string to another C string using Assignment operator by using loops.

Question 2:
Consider the following code segment. What will be the output of the following code segment?
class class1{
public: class class2{
public: class2(){
cout << "Calling default constructor of class2 " ;
}
};
class1(){
cout << "Calling default constructor of class1 " ;
}
};
main(){
class1::class2 obj1;
class1 obj2;
}

Answer: Suggest Edit

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Question 3: Consider the structure
struct Customer
{
int custnum;
int salary;
float commission;
};
A programmer wants to assign 2000 for the structure member salary in the above example of structure Customer with structure variable cust1 What line of code should he write.

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Question 4: Convert the following switch statement into if statements. Marks: 5
switch (operator)
{
case '+':
result = op1 + op2;
break;
case '-':
result = op1 - op2;
break;
case 'x':
case '':
result = op1 op2;
break;
case '/':
result = operand1 / operand2;
break;
default:
cout << "Unknown operator" ;
}

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Question 5: Define Flow chart.

Flow Chart

A flow chart is a pictorial representation of a program. There are labeled geometrical symbols, together with the arrows connecting one symbol with other. A flow chart helps in correctly designing the program by visually showing the sequence of instructions to be executed.

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Question 6: Define static variable. Also explain life time of static variable?

Answer: Suggest Edit

When you declare a static variable (native data type or object) inside a function, it is created and initialized only once during the lifetime of the program.

Question 7: Develop a class Vector having two data members; x and y.
The class should also provide the following Overloaded operator capabilities.
Overload the addition operator(+) to add two Vectors
Overload the assignment operator(=) to assign Resultant Vector
Write function Display() to display x, y coordinates
Note: Addition of vector Let suppose there are two vectors A and B with their x, y coordinates.

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Question 8: Differentiate between C and c++.

Answer: Suggest Edit

1. C was the C++ predecessor. As it's name implies, alot of C remains in C++. Although not actually being more powerful than C.

2. C++ allows the programmer to more easily manage and operate with Objects, using an OOP (Object Oriented Programming) concept

3. C++ allows the programmer to create classes, which are somewhat similar to C structures. However, to a class can be assigned methods, functions associated to it, of various prototypes, which can access and operate within the class, somewhat like C functions often operate on a supplied handler pointer.

4. Although it is possible to implement anything which C++ could implement in C, C++ aids to standardize a way in which objects are created and managed, whereas the C programmer who implements the same system has a lot of liberty on how to actually implement the internals, and style among programmers will vary a lot on the design choices made

5. In C, some will prefer the handler-type, where a main function initializes a handler, and that handler can be supplied to other functions of the library as an object to operate on/through. Others will even want to have that handler link all the related function pointers within it which then must be called using a convention closer to C++.

C++ applications are generally slower at runtime, and are much slower to compile than C programs.

The low-level infrastructure for C++ binary execution is also larger. For these reasons C is always

commonly used even if C++ has alot of popularity, and will probably continue to be used in projects where size and speed are primary concerns, and portable code still required (assembly would be unsuitable then).

Question 9: Differentiate between random access and sequential access file?

Answer: Suggest Edit

Random access file:

Random access files are not in sequence mean its not necessary put that's thing first that written first we put any thing from file any where. So tellg() and tellp() are the two very useful functions while reading from or writing into the files at some certain position.

Sequential access file:

Sequential access files are simple character files. while working with the sequential access files we write in a sequence not in a random manner

Question 10: Do you think that friend functions violate encapsulation. Justify your answer.

Answer: Suggest Edit

The friend functions of a class have access to the private data members of class. Despite being a good thing, there is possibility of vulnerability. We are opening our thoughts, inside view for somebody else. Without having 100% trust, it will be risky to make our thoughts and feelings public. We want that our private data is accessible to someone outside, not public for everybody. Otherwise, the data encapsulation and data-hiding concept will be violated. We keep the data members private and declare some specific functions that are not member of the class but friend of the class. As friends, they have access to the inside data structure of the class despite not being members.